1 We use the past continuous to describe the background of a story
The sun was shinning
2 To describe the main events in a story we use the past simple (complete actions that happened one after another).
I splashed my face with cold water and ran down
3 We often use the past continuous for 'longer' actions in progress in the past which are interrupted by "shorter' actions in the past simple.
The family were sitting in silence … when I ran into a dinning room
4 We use the past simple for single completed actions.
I woke up
5 To show that one action happened before another action in the past we use the past perfect.
My alarm had gone off
They had obviously finished eating
6 To describe a past habit we use used to
I used to really enjoy family holidays